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EMDR

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EMDR, Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing, är en form av psykoterapi (psykologisk behandling), så kallad desensibilisering, som används för att behandla PTSD (posttraumatiskt stressyndrom) och Komplext PTSD. I EMDR återberättar patienten händelsen samtidigt som blicken är fäst på terapeutens fingrar som rörs från sida till sida. Ibland används andra metoder för bilateral stimulering, till exempel finger-tapping. Syftet är att växelvis stimulera vänster och höger sida av hjärnan. EMDR utvecklades år 1989 av Francine Shapiro. Dock har det i en metaanalys visats att det inte är någon skillnad i effekt mellan vanlig exponering och EMDR (som består av exponering med ögonrörelser).

Verksam mekanism

Den bilaterala stimuleringen tros underlätta hjärnans bearbetning av det traumatiska minnet. Forskning inom området har ännu inte klarlagt exakt hur denna process fungerar. Vissa kritiker menar att den verksamma komponenten i EMDR är exponeringen och att den bilaterala stimuleringen har liten eller ingen effekt. Andra menar dock att detta ifrågasättande är obefogat, och även om man ännu inte lyckats beskriva den exakta verkningsmekanismen bakom ögonrörelserna finns det många studier som indikerar att det som är verksamt i EMDR inte enbart är exponeringen utan att ögonrörelserna i sig är en väsentlig komponent i metoden.

EMDR har visat sig vara en effektiv behandling vid PTSD och Komplex PTSDoch rekommenderas tillsammans med traumafokuserad KBT som psykologisk behandling vid detta tillstånd.

Källor

Vidare läsning

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